13. Appendix B - Making your own RPMs

The RPM package format is already very well documented, particularly in the book Maximum RPM by Ed Bailey, which you can download from the RPM WWW site - also available from all good book stores! This is just a couple of quick hints for people in a hurry.

RPM packages are built from a spec file. This consists (in a similar fashion to the KickStart config file) of a recipe of steps that need to be taken in order to build the package - it's expected that you'll have to build it from source, potentially for multiple platforms, and may need to apply patches before compiling. Once built and installed, a binary RPM will be created from the files and directories you specify as being associated with the package. It's important to note that RPM has no idea of which files and directories are related to a given package - you have to tell it.

Here's a sample specification for a custom RPM of the Squid WWW cache server:

Summary: Squid Web Cache server
Name: squid
Version: 1.NOVM.22
Release: 1
Copyright: GPL/Harvest
Group: Networking/Daemons
Source: squid-1.NOVM.22-src.tar.gz
Patch: retry-1.NOVM.20.patch
%description
This is just a first attempt to package up the Squid Web Cache for easy
installation on our RedHat Linux servers

%prep
%setup
%build
configure --prefix=/usr/squid
perl -spi -e 's!#( -DALLOW_HOSTNAME_UNDERSCORES)!$1!' src/Makefile
make

%install
make install

%files
/usr/squid

Here's how to build this RPM:

% mkdir -p SOURCES BUILD SRPMS RPMS/i386
% cp ~/squid-1.NOVM.22-src.tar.gz SOURCES
% cp ~/retry-1.NOVM.20.patch SOURCES
% rpm -ba squid-1.NOVM.22+retry-1.spec

This will automatically create a subdirectory under the BUILD directory, into which it'll unpack the source code and then apply the patch (there are a number of options available for patching - check the book for details). Now, RPM will automatically build the package by running configure and then make, install it using make install, and take a snapshot of the files under /usr/squid. It's the latter which will form the binary RPM of the Squid software.

Note that we can insert arbitrary shell commands into the unpacking, building and installing processes, e.g. the call to perl which tweaks one of Squid's compile-time parameters.

The final binary RPM will be left under the RPMS directory in the platform specific subdirectory i386. In this case it will be called squid-1.NOVM.22-1.i386.rpm. Note that the filename is created by concatenating the values of the following parameters from the spec file: Name, Version and Release - plus the hardware platform in question, i386 in this case. Try to bear this in mind when creating your own RPMs, to avoid giving them overly long or painful names!

It's also worth bearing in mind that you can build RPMs without having to rebuild the whole software package, e.g.

Summary: Linux 2.0.36 kernel + filehandle patch + serial console patch
Name: linux
Version: 2.0.36+filehandle+serial_console
Release: 1
Copyright: GPL
Group: Base/Kernel
Source: linux-2.0.36+filehandle+serial_console.tar.gz
%description
This is just a first attempt to package up the Linux kernel with patches
for installation on our RedHat Linux servers

%prep
echo

%setup
echo

%build
echo

%install
echo

%post
/sbin/lilo

%files
/lib/modules/2.0.36
/boot/vmlinuz

In this case we simply create an RPM based on the /boot/vmlinuz file and the contents of the directory /lib/modules/2.0.36, and execute /sbin/lilo after the package has been installed on a target machine. Let me know if you know much neater way of writing the spec file than this.