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Modem-HOWTO
David S.Lawyer
mailto:dave@lafn.org
v0.17, April 2001
Help with selecting, connecting, configuring, trouble-shooting, and understanding modems for a PC. See Serial-HOWTO for multiport serial boards.
1.
Introduction
1.1 DSL, Cable, and ISDN Modems in other HOWTOs
1.2 Also not covered: PCMCIA Modems, PPP
1.3 Copyright, Disclaimer, Trademarks, & Credits
1.4 Contacting the Author
1.5 New Versions of this HOWTO
1.6 New in Recent Versions
1.7 What is a Modem ?
1.8 Quick Install
2.
Modems for a Linux PC
2.1 External vs. Internal
2.2 External Modems
2.3 Internal Modems
2.4 Software-based Modems (winmodems)
2.5 PCI Modems
2.6 Which Internal Modems might not work with Linux
3.
Modem Pools, Digital Modems
3.1 Analog Modem Pools, Multiport Modem Cards
3.2 Digital Modems
4.
Serial Port and Modem Basics
4.1 Modem Converts Digital to Analog (and conversely)
4.2 What is a Serial Port ?
4.3 IO Address & IRQ
4.4 Names: ttyS0, ttyS1, etc.
4.5 Interrupts
4.6 Data Compression (by the Modem)
4.7 Error Correction
4.8 Data Flow (Speeds)
4.9 Flow Control
4.10 Data Flow Path; Buffers
4.11 Modem Commands
4.12 Serial Driver Module
5.
Configuring Overview
6.
Configuring the Serial Port Hardware and Driver (low-level)
6.1 PCI Bus Support Underway
6.2 Configuring Overview
6.3 Common mistakes made re low-level configuring
6.4 I/O Address & IRQ: Boot-time messages
6.5 What is the current IO address and IRQ of my Serial Port ?
6.6 Choosing Serial IRQs
6.7 Choosing Addresses --Video card conflict with ttyS3
6.8 Set IO Address & IRQ in the hardware (mostly for PnP)
6.9 Giving the IRQ and IO Address to Setserial
7.
Configuring the Serial Driver (high-level) "stty"
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Hardware flow control (RTS/CTS)
7.3 Other Driver Settings (high level)
8.
Modem Configuration (excluding serial port)
8.1 Finding Your Modem
8.2 AT Commands
8.3 Init Strings: Saving and Recalling
8.4 Other AT Modem Commands
8.5 Blacklisting
8.6 What AT Commands are Now Set in my Modem?
8.7 Modem States (or Modes)
9.
Serial Port Devices /dev/ttyS2, etc.
9.1 Devfs (The new Device File System)
9.2 Serial Port Device Names & Numbers
9.3 Universal Serial Bus Ports
9.4 Link ttySN to /dev/modem
9.5 cua Device Obsolete
10.
Interesting Programs You Should Know About
10.1 What is setserial ?
10.2 What is isapnp ?
10.3 What is wvdialconf ?
10.4 What is stty ?
11.
Trying Out Your Modem (Dialing Out)
11.1 Are You Ready to Dial Out ?
11.2 Dialing Out with Minicom
11.3 Dialing Out with Kermit
12.
Dial-In
12.1 Dial-In Overview
12.2 What Happens when Someone Dials In ?
12.3 56k doesn't work
12.4 Getty
12.5 Why "Manual" Answer is Best
12.6 Ending a Dial-in Call
12.7 Dial-in Modem Configuration
12.8 Callback
12.9 Voice Mail
12.10 Simple Manual Dial-In
12.11 Complex GUI Dial-In, VNC
12.12 Interoperability with MS Windows
13.
Uugetty for Dial-In (from the old Serial-HOWTO)
13.1 Installing getty_ps
13.2 Setting up uugetty
13.3 Customizing uugetty
14.
What Speed Should I Use with My Modem?
14.1 Speed and Data Compression
14.2 Where do I Set Speed ?
14.3 Can't Set a High Enough Speed
14.4 Speed Table
15.
Communications Programs And Utilities
15.1 Minicom vs. Kermit
15.2 List of Communication Software
15.3 SLiRP and term
15.4 MS Windows
16.
Troubleshooting
16.1 My Modem is Physically There but Can't be Found
16.2 "Modem is busy"
16.3 I can't get near 56k on my 56k modem
16.4 Uploading (downloading) files is broken/slow
16.5 For Dial-in I Keep Getting "line NNN of inittab invalid"
16.6 I Keep Getting: ``Id "S3" respawning too fast: disabled for 5 minutes''
16.7 My Modem is Hosed after Someone Hangs Up, or uugetty doesn't respawn
16.8 uugetty Still Doesn't Work
16.9 (The following subsections are in both the Serial and Modem HOWTOs)
16.10 My Serial Port is Physically There but Can't be Found
16.11 Extremely Slow: Text appears on the screen slowly after long delays
16.12 Somewhat Slow: I expected it to be a few times faster
16.13 The Startup Screen Show Wrong IRQs for the Serial Ports.
16.14 "Cannot open /dev/ttyS?: Permission denied"
16.15 "Operation not supported by device" for ttyS?
16.16 "Cannot create lockfile. Sorry"
16.17 "Device /dev/ttyS? is locked."
16.18 "/dev/tty? Device or resource busy"
16.19 "Input/output error" from setserial or stty
16.20 Overrun errors on serial port
16.21 Modem doesn't pick up incoming calls
16.22 Port get characters only sporadically
16.23 Troubleshooting Tools
17.
Flash Upgrades
18.
Other Sources of Information
18.1 Misc
18.2 Books
18.3 HOWTOs
18.4 Usenet newsgroups
18.5 Web Sites
19.
Appendix A: How Analog Modems Work (technical) (unfinished)
19.1 Modulation Details
19.2 56k Modems (v.90)
19.3 Full Duplex on One Circuit
19.4 Echo Cancellation
20.
Appendix B: Digital Modem Signal Processing (not done)
21.
Appendix C: "baud" vs. "bps"
21.1 A simple example
21.2 Real examples
22.
Appendix D: Terminal Server Connection
23.
Appendix E: Other Types of Modems
23.1 Digital-to-Digital "Modems"
23.2 ISDN "Modems"
23.3 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
23.4 56k Digital-Modems
23.5 Leased Line Modems
24.
Appendix F: Fax pixels (dots)
25.
Appendix G: Antique Modems
25.1 Autobauding
25.2 Before AT Commands
25.3 Data Compression and Error Correction
25.4 Obsolete CCITT (ITU) and Bell Protocols
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